KMID : 0620920210530030318
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Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2021 Volume.53 No. 3 p.318 ~ p.327
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Function of ¥ã¥ä T cells in tumor immunology and their application to cancer therapy
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Park Jang-Hyun
Lee Heung-Kyu
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Abstract
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T cells of the ¥ã¥ä lineage are unconventional T cells with functions not restricted to MHC-mediated antigen presentation. Because of their broad antigen specificity and NK-like cytotoxicity, ¥ã¥ä T-cell importance in tumor immunology has been emphasized. However, some ¥ã¥ä T-cell subsets, especially those expressing IL-17, are immunosuppressive or tumor-promoting cells. Their cytokine profile and cytotoxicity are seemingly determined by cross-talk with microenvironment components, not by the ¥ã¥äTCR chain. Furthermore, much about the TCR antigen of ¥ã¥ä T cells remains unknown compared with the extreme diversity of their TCR chain pairs. Thus, the investigation and application of ¥ã¥ä T cells have been relatively difficult. Nevertheless, ¥ã¥ä T cells remain attractive targets for antitumor therapy because of their independence from MHC molecules. Because tumor cells have the ability to evade the immune system through MHC shedding, heterogeneous antigens, and low antigen spreading, MHC-independent ¥ã¥ä T cells represent good alternative targets for immunotherapy. Therefore, many approaches to using ¥ã¥ä T cells for antitumor therapy have been attempted, including induction of endogenous ¥ã¥ä T cell activation, adoptive transfer of expanded cells ex vivo, and utilization of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Here, we discuss the function of ¥ã¥ä T cells in tumor immunology and their application to cancer therapy.
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KEYWORD
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Innate immune cells, Tumour immunology
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